A liquid crystal display (LCD) screen is a sophisticated device that can be divided into three primary sections based on functionality: the Active Area, the Sealing Area, and the Pad Area. Each of these sections plays a crucial role in the operation and performance of the display.

Active Area

The active area is the critical region of an LCD screen where visual content is rendered. The size of the display is typically referred to by the diagonal measurement of this area, expressed in inches (1 inch = 2.54 cm). Common aspect ratios for screens include 4:3, 16:9, and 21:9, each suited to different types of media and applications.

This area consists of an intricate array of pixels, with each pixel composed of three sub-pixels: red, green, and blue. These sub-pixels combine to produce the full spectrum of colors seen on the screen. The pixels are arranged in a grid pattern with horizontal columns and vertical rows. For example, a Full High Definition (Full HD) LCD screen is comprised of 1920 columns and 1080 rows of pixels, represented as H x V = 1920 x 1080 pixels, or H x V = 1920 x (3) x 1080 sub-pixels.

The design of the active area involves several key factors, including resolution, aspect ratio, pixel arrangement, and the configuration of thin-film transistors (TFTs). Resolution dictates the detail and clarity of the images displayed, while the aspect ratio influences the display’s overall shape and user experience. The arrangement of pixels and TFTs ensures that each pixel is accurately activated, contributing to the display’s sharpness and color fidelity.